Cu doped Zn-In-S quantum dots (QDs CZIS) synthesized by hydrothermal method. Absorption and fluorescence peak shifted QDs CZIS monotonous for longer wavelengths with an increase in precursors and decreased Zn Cu and In precursors.

Dopant emission wavelength can be easily tuned in the visible region throughout ranging from 465 nm to 700 nm by changing the molar ratio of Cu / Zn / In / S. On the basis of the results of the experiment, it testifies that QDs CZIS emissions are emissions than the emissions trap excitonic states. QDS CZIS emission mechanism is associated with three types of approaches: (i) efficient photogenerated holes move to the country caused by defective traps Cu and recombine with electrons in the energy levels of sulfur vacancies; (Ii) a hole in Cu trap states recombine with electrons in a state of surface defects; (Iii) the electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in vacancy levels caused by Zn.

After a ZnS shell layer around the core CZIS, fluorescence quantum CZIS QDs results can reach 25-35%. CZIS / ZnS QDs conjugated with antibodies that can successfully be applied to the labeling of liver cancer cells Hep-G2. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the viability of cells incubated with different concentrations CZIS / ZnS QDs and at different times all remain at high levels over 90%. Therefore, CZIS / ZnS nanoparticles are promising materials as fluorescent probes for biological applications.

Development and Cellular Basis of Vertical Bar Pattern Color in the East African Cichlid Fish Haplochromis latifasciatus.

East African cichlid adaptive radiation are well known for their diversity in colors. However, the development of which is based on the formation of pigment patterns are still largely unknown. One of the most common patterns of melanic cichlid fish is a vertical bar pattern. Here we describe the ontogeny of this striking pattern in Lake Kyoga latifasciatus Haplochromis species.

Starting with the larval stage we tracked this stereotype color pattern formation and found that the macroscopic appearance are largely explained by the increase in density melanophore and accumulation of melanin during the first 3 weeks after conception.

Analysis of embryonic equipped with cytology quantifications of pigment cells in the dermis scale up and down the scales. In adults, bar melanic characterized by two to three times higher density of melanophores than yellow interbars intervention. We did not find strong support for the different types of pigment cells such as xanthophores.

DAB Away Kit
ACP001	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	117.6 EUR
DAB Substrate kit
30015	Biotium	1Kit	171.6 EUR
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1Kit
DAB Chromogen Kit
abx097197-1Kit	Abbexa	1 Kit	326.4 EUR
Fmoc-Dab[Fmoc-Dab(Boc)]-OH
5-04727	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab[Fmoc-Dab(Boc)]-OH
5-04728	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
DAB Chromogen/Substrate Kit
ACH500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 Slides	102 EUR
Sensitive DAB Stain Kit
PW023	Bio Basic	5Preps, 5prep	82.97 EUR
DAB Tablet
D3225-020	GenDepot	20TB	170.4 EUR
DAB Tablet
D3225-050	GenDepot	50TB	295.2 EUR
DAB Horseradish Peroxidase Chromogenic Kit
20-abx090660	Abbexa	276.00 EUR 226.80 EUR	100 ml 20 ml
DAB Chromogenic Substrate Kit (Brown)
AR1022	BosterBio	1 kit (for 600-900 assays)	96 EUR
DAB Chromogenic Substrate Kit (Blue)
AR1025	BosterBio	1 kit (for 600-900 assays)	96 EUR
DAB Differentiating Solution
DDS500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	130.8 EUR
DAB Chromogen Concentrate
D3226-002	GenDepot	20ml	193.2 EUR
DAB Chromogen Concentrate
D3226-005	GenDepot	50ml	400.8 EUR
Z-Dab-OH
C-3705.0001	Bachem	1.0g	138 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [62234-40-6]
Z-Dab-OH
C-3705.0005	Bachem	5.0g	327.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [62234-40-6]
Z-Dab-OH
C-3705.0025	Bachem	25.0g	1197.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [62234-40-6]
DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB030	ScyTek Laboratories	30 ml	142.8 EUR
DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB060	ScyTek Laboratories	60 ml	198 EUR
DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB125	ScyTek Laboratories	125 ml	294 EUR
DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	805.2 EUR
DAB Chromogen Concentrate
ACB999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	1390.8 EUR
DAB Substrate Buffer
ACC500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	86.4 EUR
DAB Substrate Buffer
ACC999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	96 EUR
DAB Enhancer Solution
ACM030	ScyTek Laboratories	30 ml	85.2 EUR
H-Dab-OH
F-3050.0001	Bachem	1.0g	138 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [1883-09-6]
H-Dab-OH
F-3050.0005	Bachem	5.0g	270 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [1883-09-6]
H-Dab-OH
F-3050.0025	Bachem	25.0g	963.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [1883-09-6]
H-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04703	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
H-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04704	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab-OH
5-04711	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab-OH
5-04712	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab-OAll·HCl
5-04720	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04721	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab-OH·HCl
5-04722	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab-OH
5-04735	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab-OH
5-04736	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
DL-Dab.2HCl
A6727-100000	ApexBio	100 g	682.8 EUR
Description: DL-Dab.2HCl
DL-Dab.2HCl
A6727-25000	ApexBio	25 g	370.8 EUR
Description: DL-Dab.2HCl
DL-Dab.2HCl
A6727-5000	ApexBio	5 g	216 EUR
Description: DL-Dab.2HCl
Boc-Dab-OH
A-3215.0001	Bachem	1.0g	151.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [25691-37-6]
Boc-Dab-OH
A-3215.0005	Bachem	5.0g	501.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [25691-37-6]
Boc-Dab-OH
A-3215.0025	Bachem	25.0g	1893.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [25691-37-6]
Fmoc-Dab-OH
B-2300.0001	Bachem	1.0g	181.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [161420-87-7]
Fmoc-Dab-OH
B-2300.0005	Bachem	5.0g	618 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [161420-87-7]
DAB Chromogen, 4ml
NB314D	Innovex	4 ml	295.2 EUR
Frit Kit
FRIT-KIT	Next Advance	1each	148.8 EUR
Description: Kit to create frits in capillaries. Includes formamide, Kasil-1, Kasil-1624 and a cleaving tool.
PNPP Liquid Substrate
F008-100	Cygnus Technologies	100 ml	280.8 EUR
Description: PNPP Liquid Substrate by Cygnus Technologies is available in Europe via Gentaur.
PNPP Liquid Substrate
F008-1000	Cygnus Technologies	1000 ml	890.4 EUR
Description: PNPP Liquid Substrate by Cygnus Technologies is available in Europe via Gentaur.
BenzAlt? Binuclease (Liquid)
9215-10	Biovision		202.8 EUR
BenzAlt? Binuclease (Liquid)
9215-50	Biovision		444 EUR
FBS Liquid Media
88-NB05	Fitzgerald	100 ml	196.8 EUR
Description: Fetal Bovine Serum (US origin)
FBS Liquid Media
88-NB06	Fitzgerald	500 ml	781.2 EUR
Description: FBS Liquid Media (Heat Inactivated)
alpha-Amylase, liquid
GK2343-25ML	Glentham Life Sciences	25 ml	122.4 EUR
Sunflower lecithin, liquid
GE1230-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	69.6 EUR
Sunflower lecithin, liquid
GE1230-1KG	Glentham Life Sciences	1 kg	210 EUR
Sunflower lecithin, liquid
GE1230-500G	Glentham Life Sciences	500 g	135.6 EUR
Sabouraud Liquid Medium
MED1462	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	54.61 EUR
100mL Cellstripper Liquid
25-056-CI	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	PK6	104.88 EUR
Column Packing Kit
PACK-KIT	Next Advance	1pack	1242 EUR
Description: Column packing kit for pressure cells. Includes: HPREG regulator, TBNG10 tubing, CAP-75 capillary, and STRB5X2 stir bar.
PCR Mycoplasma Detection Kit
M034-Kit	TOKU-E	Kit	319.2 EUR
DAB Chromogen/Substrate Kit (High Contrast)
ACT500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 Slides	188.4 EUR
Glycerol Assay Kit (For liquid samples)
abx090674-1Kit	Abbexa	1 Kit	735.6 EUR
DAB Enhancer for ampliying DAB stains in IHC staining, 60ml
NB308	Innovex	60 ml	512.4 EUR
DAB Enhancer for ampliying DAB stains in IHC staining, 30ml
NB308-30	Innovex	30 ml	358.8 EUR
Cas9 Protein and T7 gRNA SmartNuclease Synthesis Kit
CAS400A-KIT	SBI	1 kit (10 rxn)	1332 EUR
Pesticide Kit Containing All 10 Multi-Compound Mixes
SPXPR-KIT	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	1ML	1923.18 EUR
10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-25	ApexBio	25 mg	616.8 EUR
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.
10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-5	ApexBio	5 mg	199.2 EUR
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.
10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-5.1	ApexBio	10 mM (in 1mL DMSO)	351.6 EUR
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.
10-DAB (10-Deacetylbaccatin)
A4395-S	ApexBio	Evaluation Sample	97.2 EUR
Description: 10-DAB (also known as 10-Deacetylbaccatin) is an intermediate used for the preparation of taxol, an anti-leukemic and tumor-inhibiting agent isolated from the inner bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia as well as other species of the genus Taxus.
DAB (Post) Enhancing Solution
DES500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	105.6 EUR
DAB (Post) Enhancing Solution
DES999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	130.8 EUR
Z-Dab(Z)-OH
C-3690.0001	Bachem	1.0g	240 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C20H22N2O6; CAS# [55478-23-4]
Z-Dab(Z)-OH
C-3690.0005	Bachem	5.0g	835.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C20H22N2O6; CAS# [55478-23-4]
Z-D-Dab-OH
C-3770.0001	Bachem	1.0g	270 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [70882-66-5]
Z-D-Dab-OH
C-3770.0005	Bachem	5.0g	950.4 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C12H16N2O4; CAS# [70882-66-5]
DAB Substrate (High Contrast)
ACU250	ScyTek Laboratories	250 ml	102 EUR
DAB Substrate (High Contrast)
ACU500	ScyTek Laboratories	500 ml	117.6 EUR
DAB Substrate (High Contrast)
ACU999	ScyTek Laboratories	1000 ml	142.8 EUR
Ac-Dab(Boc)-OH
F-1020.0250	Bachem	250.0mg	283.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C11H20N2O5; CAS# [201351-32-8]
Ac-Dab(Boc)-OH
F-1020.1000	Bachem	1.0g	792 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C11H20N2O5; CAS# [201351-32-8]
H-D-Dab-OH
F-3055.0001	Bachem	1.0g	270 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [26908-94-1] net
H-D-Dab-OH
F-3055.0005	Bachem	5.0g	950.4 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C4H10N2O2; CAS# [26908-94-1] net
H-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04707	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
H-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04708	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab(Boc)-OH·DCHA
5-04713	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab(Boc)-OH·DCHA
5-04714	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04715	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04716	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab(Z)-OH·DCHA
5-04717	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Boc-Dab(Z)-OH·DCHA
5-04718	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Ac)-OH
5-04723	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Ac)-OH
5-04724	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
5-04725	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
5-04726	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04729	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
5-04730	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(MMt)-OH
5-04731	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(MMt)-OH
5-04732	CHI Scientific	25g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH
5-04733	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH
5-04734	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Dde)-OH
5-04739	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Dde)-OH
5-04740	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
5-04741	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
5-04742	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04743	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
5-04744	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Boc-D-Dab-OH
5-04745	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Boc-D-Dab-OH
5-04746	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
5-04751	CHI Scientific	1g	Ask for price
Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
5-04752	CHI Scientific	5g	Ask for price
Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-Oh
abx188721-250g	Abbexa	250 g	2064 EUR
H-Dab(Boc)-OH
A-3305.0001	Bachem	1.0g	240 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [10270-94-7]
H-Dab(Boc)-OH
A-3305.0005	Bachem	5.0g	835.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [10270-94-7]
Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
A-3520.0001	Bachem	1.0g	270 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [117106-21-5]
Boc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
A-3520.0005	Bachem	5.0g	936 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [117106-21-5]
Boc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
A-4125.0001	Bachem	1.0g	370.8 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C13H22N2O6; CAS# [171820-73-8]
Boc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
A-4125.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1371.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C13H22N2O6; CAS# [171820-73-8]
Boc-D-Dab-OH
A-4215.0001	Bachem	1.0g	501.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [80445-78-9]
Boc-D-Dab-OH
A-4215.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1864.8 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C9H18N2O4; CAS# [80445-78-9]
Boc-Dab-OtBu · HCl
A-4415.0001	Bachem	1.0g	370.8 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C13H26N2O4·HCl; CAS# [190447-69-9] net
Boc-Dab-OtBu · HCl
A-4415.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1371.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C13H26N2O4·HCl; CAS# [190447-69-9] net
Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
B-4065.0001	Bachem	1.0g	356.4 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C32H38N2O6; CAS# [607366-21-2]
Fmoc-Dab(ivDde)-OH
B-4065.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1311.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C32H38N2O6; CAS# [607366-21-2]
Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
B-1800.0001	Bachem	1.0g	240 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [125238-99-5]
Fmoc-Dab(Boc)-OH
B-1800.0005	Bachem	5.0g	819.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C24H28N2O6; CAS# [125238-99-5]
Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
B-2270.0001	Bachem	1.0g	283.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C34H30N2O6; CAS# [201473-83-8]
Fmoc-Dab(Fmoc)-OH
B-2270.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1039.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C34H30N2O6; CAS# [201473-83-8]
Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
B-2365.0001	Bachem	1.0g	501.6 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [201484-12-0]
Fmoc-D-Dab-OH
B-2365.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1864.8 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C19H20N2O4; CAS# [201484-12-0]
Fmoc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
B-2850.0001	Bachem	1.0g	356.4 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C23H24N2O6; CAS# [204316-32-5]
Fmoc-Dab(Aloc)-OH
B-2850.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1327.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C23H24N2O6; CAS# [204316-32-5]
Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
B-3250.0001	Bachem	1.0g	313.2 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C27H26N2O6; CAS# [252049-08-4]
Fmoc-Dab(Z)-OH
B-3250.0005	Bachem	5.0g	1110 EUR
Description: Sum Formula: C27H26N2O6; CAS# [252049-08-4]
DAB Substrate buffer, 70ml
NB314SB	Innovex	70 ml	331.2 EUR
Gamborg's Vitamin Stcks, Liquid
CP049-010	GenDepot	125 ml bottle	128.4 EUR
FRIIS BASE Medium, Liquid
F2485-100	GenDepot	100ml	Ask for price
FRIIS BASE Medium, Liquid
F2485-500	GenDepot	500ml	Ask for price
Protein A (Liquid form)
6500-10	Biovision		183.6 EUR
Protein A (Liquid form)
6500-100	Biovision		874.8 EUR
Protein A (Liquid form)
6500-1000	Biovision		2245.2 EUR
Protein A (Liquid form)
6500-25	Biovision		314.4 EUR
Protein A (Liquid form)
P1088-10	ApexBio	10 mg	201.6 EUR
Description: Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It can bind immunoglobulins.
Protein A (Liquid form)
P1088-100	ApexBio	100 mg	1052.4 EUR
Description: Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It can bind immunoglobulins.
Protein A (Liquid form)
P1088-1000	ApexBio	1 g	2722.8 EUR
Description: Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It can bind immunoglobulins.
Protein A (Liquid form)
P1088-25	ApexBio	25 mg	369.6 EUR
Description: Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It can bind immunoglobulins.
EPO alpha, Liquid, human
RC213-15L	Bio Basic	500IU	125.26 EUR
Mucasol Liquid Detergent 2L
HAE3204	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	166.44 EUR
Mucasol Liquid Detergent 5L
HAE3206	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	286.03 EUR
Liquid Master 600mm - PTFE
SAM1106	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	279.3 EUR
Liquid Master 1000mm - PTFE
SAM1107	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	349.98 EUR
Liquid Master 1500mm - PTFE
SAM1108	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	434.34 EUR
Liquid Master 2000mm - PTFE
SAM1109	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	506.16 EUR
Liquid Master 2500mm - PTFE
SAM1110	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	622.44 EUR
Liquid Fuel Burner 100mL
BUR4502	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	5.59 EUR
Label 100X100 Flammable Liquid..
C35AR	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	102.6 EUR
Aquet liquid detergent 3.8l
Z273260-1EA	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	67.6 EUR
TRITON2 Liquid Nitrogen Generator
SLS6142	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	35114.28 EUR
LN20AC Liquid Nitrogen Generator
SLS6148	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	44887.5 EUR
LN20 Liquid Nitrogen Generator
SLS6150	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	41895 EUR
LN30AC Liquid Nitrogen Generator
SLS6152	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	56857.5 EUR
LN30 Liquid Nitrogen Generator
SLS6154	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	53865 EUR
LN65AC Liquid Nitrogen Generator
SLS6156	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	74812.5 EUR
LN65 Liquid Nitrogen Generator
SLS6158	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	EACH	68827.5 EUR

Quantitative PCR for twelve pigmentation genes known to show that the gene expression of Tyr and tyrp1a melanin synthesis increased five to six times in the bar melanic, while xanthophore and iridophore marker genes are not differentially expressed. In short, we provide new insights into how the vertical bars, one color pattern vertebrate most extensive, formed through the dynamic control melanophore density, melanin synthesis and dissemination of melanosomes.